$ cat filename.txt
ABCDEFG
First of all the most complex way is using sed
$ cat filename.txt | sed 's/\(.*\)/\L\1/g'
abcdefg
More easier to use tr
$ cat filename.txt | tr [:upper:] [:lower:]
abcdefg
$ cat filename.txt
ABCDEFG
$ cat filename.txt | sed 's/\(.*\)/\L\1/g'
abcdefg
$ cat filename.txt | tr [:upper:] [:lower:]
abcdefg